Urinalysis mucus present - The most common causes of mucus threads are urinary tract infection and sexually transmitted diseases. Also, mucus threads may be caused by kidney stone, irritable bowel syndrome or ulcerative colitis. In most serious cases mucus threads are the symptom of bladder cancer, but this disease is not very common.

 
The urinary system removes waste from the body through urine. The kidneys are located toward the back of the upper abdomen. They filter waste and fluid from the blood and produce urine. Urine moves from the kidneys through narrow tubes to the bladder. These tubes are called the ureters. The bladder stores urine until it's time to urinate.. Cash app referral code dollar15

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and the urethra. Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than are men. If an infection is limited to the bladder, it can ...Urinalysis result: positive leukocytes, moderate bacteria. elsewhere is negative. few epithilial cells and moderate mucus threads. no symptoms of uti. but had a urinalysis twice in a span of a week and results are the same. what does it mean? 3 doctors weighed in across 2 answers.Mucus in urine is an abnormal condition where there is an excessive amount of mucus present in the urine. Normally, urine is a clear, yellowish fluid that passes out of the body. However, when there is excess mucus in urine, it can appear cloudy and thick and sometimes have a foul odor.Asthma is a serious breathing condition that involves the constriction and swelling of airways, as well as excess production of mucus, which makes breathing difficult or problemati...Asymptomatic bacteriuria, defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine in the absence of urinary symptoms, is a common clinical finding that often warrants a decision about whether to initiate ...High levels of ketones in urine, or ketonuria, is usually a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The body produces ketones when it burns fat for fuel. DKA is a severe complication of diabetes that ...The presence of squamous epithelial cells in a urine sample is often an indication that the sample has been contaminated, according to the John Hopkins Lupus Center. What are Squam...An epithelial cells in urine test looks at a sample of your urine (pee) under a microscope to count the number of epithelial cells in your urine. It's normal to have a small number of certain types of epithelial cells in urine. A large number may indicate a urinary tract infection, kidney disease, or other serious medical condition.Yeast Infection. Another common reason to find mucus in your dog’s urine could be a yeast infection. Yeast infections occur due to Candida yeast, which is normally present on the skin and in the body of dogs. However, when there is an overgrowth of the yeast, it can cause a fungal infection.Outlook. Pyuria is a urinary condition that involves an elevated number of white blood cells in the urine. Doctors define a high number as at least 10 white blood cells per cubic millimeter (mm3 ...Kidney Stone Disease. While urinary tract infection is caused by a bacteria, the urinary stone disease is a much more severe case. The presence of the mucus threads in a dark colored urine together abdominal and back pains can indicate this disease, and so it is important to have this treated. Bladder Cancer.If these are present, it can mean you have an infection. Presence of yeast in urine to be checked. Squamous Cells: The presence of squamous cells may mean that the sample is not as pure as it needs to be. These cells do not mean there is a medical problem, but your doctor may ask that you give another urine sample.It's completely healthy and normal for small amounts of this urethral mucus to be present in urine; large amounts aren't normal. Abnormally excessive mucus in urine may be caused by the following: UTIGot my labs back today and my findings are somewhat abnormal and was wondering if there's a reason to be alarmed. here are the reults epithelial cells-many bacteria-2+ mucus 2+ urine wbc 10-20 urine rbc 5-10 amorph sediment 2+ granular casts occasional cr. Dr. Hunter Handsfield answered. Infectious Disease 55 years experience.Kidney stones. Occasionally, mucus in urine can be a symptom of kidney stones, a common urinary system disorder characterized by the formation of hard mineral and salt deposits within the kidneys. These stones can obstruct the urinary tract and hinder urine flow, leading to mucus buildup. This is often accompanied by severe pain in the lower ... Kidney Stone Disease. While urinary tract infection is caused by a bacteria, the urinary stone disease is a much more severe case. The presence of the mucus threads in a dark colored urine together abdominal and back pains can indicate this disease, and so it is important to have this treated. Bladder Cancer. JetBlue customers hoping for a flight on one of the carrier's Airbus A320s with a "restyled" cabin interior will have ever-improving odds as the calendar flips into 2020. JetBlue c...Jan 7, 2023 · Blood in urine that can be seen with the naked eye may be a sign of advanced kidney, bladder or prostate cancer. These cancers might not cause symptoms sooner, when treatments could work better. Inherited illnesses. A genetic condition that affects red blood cells, called sickle cell anemia, can cause blood in urine. While workplaces are becoming more lax, business etiquette still applies. Learn how to avoid awkward blunders at work (or online). Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSp...Hyaline casts can be diagnosed through urinalysis . Centrifugation of a urine sample to separate urine sediment (e.g., casts, cells, pathogenic microorganisms) from fluid. Small drop of urine sediment is examined under a microscope. Hyaline casts can be identified as clear, tiny tubule-shaped particles.The urinalysis result of the presence of bacteria and mucus threads could also be contaminants. But to be sure, please do a repeat urinalysis after one week. However, if you do notice a sudden onset of penile discharge or any other symptoms such as fever, palpable masses on your groin and inner thighs.The main causes of bacteria in the urine are: 1. Specimen contamination. Specimen contamination is one of the most frequent causes of bacteria in the urine. Contamination can particularly be suspected when there are many epithelial cells and mucus in the urine, but no leukocytes. Contamination occurs at the time of collection, when the genital ...Finding trace amounts of mucus in your urine is not something that should concern you. However, if you begin to see mucus in excess, make an appointment to speak with your doctor. Mucus can be a sign of a urinary tract infection ( UTI) or other medical condition.September 6, 2022. If you have ever gone to the bathroom and noticed a clear, white, or off-white slimy substance mixed in with your urine, this is mucus. Mucus in your urine … An epithelial cells in urine test looks at a sample of your urine (pee) under a microscope to count the number of epithelial cells in your urine. It's normal to have a small number of certain types of epithelial cells in urine. A large number may indicate a urinary tract infection, kidney disease, or other serious medical condition. Many items enjoyed by people of all abilities were originally designed to help people with disabilities. Here are some inventions you may use every day that were originally for the...Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. SOC 2 Type 2Certified. what does it mean in urine if wbc 15-20 hpf, rbc 0-2 hpf, epithelial cells moderare, mucus thread few, bacteria moderate ?: Unclean specimen: It just means that it is unclean specimen. Does not.Jan 7, 2023 · Blood in urine that can be seen with the naked eye may be a sign of advanced kidney, bladder or prostate cancer. These cancers might not cause symptoms sooner, when treatments could work better. Inherited illnesses. A genetic condition that affects red blood cells, called sickle cell anemia, can cause blood in urine. Crystals (clumps of minerals, a possible sign of kidney stones) The third part of urinalysis is the dipstick test, which uses a thin plastic strip treated with chemicals. It’s dipped into your ...Squamous epithelial cells - ≤15-20 squamous epithelial cells/hpf. Casts – 0-5 hyaline casts/lpf. Crystals – Occasionally. Bacteria – None. Yeast - None. Next: Interpretation. Normal values are as follows: Color – Yellow (light/pale to dark/deep amber) Clarity/turbidity – Clear or cloudy pH – 4.5-8 Specific gravity – 1.The latest research on Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms Outcomes. Expert analysis on potential benefits, dosage, side effects, and more. Cystic fibrosis (a genetic disorder) causes mucus t...There are many things that can cause crystals to form in urine. They include: Dehydration (not drinking enough water). Eating large amounts of certain foods, including protein, salt, fruits and vegetables. Medications such as amoxicillin, acyclovir, sulfonamides, atazanavir and methotrexoate. Urinary tract infections.JetBlue customers hoping for a flight on one of the carrier's Airbus A320s with a "restyled" cabin interior will have ever-improving odds as the calendar flips into 2020. JetBlue c...Mucus in urine is an abnormal condition where there is an excessive amount of mucus present in the urine. Normally, urine is a clear, yellowish fluid that passes out of the body. However, when there is excess mucus in urine, it can appear cloudy and thick and sometimes have a foul odor.The presence of mucus in urine is due to proteins from the tissue that line the urinary tract and prevents it against invading germs. The mucous membranes that line the lower urinary tract (bladder, urethra, ureters etc.) and the renal epithelial cells normally produce mucus that may appear in the urine. Tamm-Horsfall protein, also called ... The clarity of urine is also recorded during urinalysis. Urine is typically clear; materials such as crystals, cells, bacteria, and mucus can impart a cloudy appearance. A milky appearance can be caused by a very high concentration of white blood cells or fats, or by chyluria (the presence of lymphatic fluid in the urine). Microscopic examination, which identifies and counts the type of cells, casts, crystals, and other components (bacteria, mucous ) that can be present in urine. See below for details of these examinations. Today, a routine urinalysis consists of the visual and the chemical examinations.While workplaces are becoming more lax, business etiquette still applies. Learn how to avoid awkward blunders at work (or online). Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSp...Mucus certainly isn’t a pleasant topic to chat about in a friendly conversation, but it’s an essential substance that is continuously produced by your body to provide some front li...An uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection of the bladder and associated structures. ... and recurrent infections can delay the recovery of the superficial urothelium and protective mucus layer. History and Physical. ... The nitrate test is the most accurate dipstick test for a UTI because bacteria must be present ...Urine test routine blood small neg (mg/dl rbc 3-5 wbc 0-5 bacteria few mucous moderate slightly cloudy everything else was negative dia unspecified hematuria took advil 4 a few days b4 test. should i be worried? see uro or just redo test? A doctor has provided 1 answer. A member asked:A urinalysis is an easy test to diagnose diseases. Urinalysis (urine test, UA) simply means analysis of urine. This is a very commonly ordered test which is performed in many clinical settings such as physicians' offices, hospitals, clinics, emergency departments, and outpatient laboratories. Urinalysis is a simple test that can provide ...Mucus is a thick, slippery fluid that coats and moistens certain parts of the body, including the nose, mouth, throat, and urinary tract. The body produces mucus to lubricate and protect certain parts of the body, including the urinary tract. Mucus can vary in quantity. It is typically clear, white, or off-white.Associations: Bacteria, blood clots, contrast media, a diet high in purine-rich foods, fecal contamination or material (i.e., gastrointestinal-bladder fistula), lipids such as chyluria (chylomicrons in the urine), lymph fluid, mucus, precipitation of cells (red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), squamous and non-squamous epithelial cells), casts or crystals (calcium phosphate, calcium ...Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. SOC 2 Type 2Certified. what does it mean in urine if wbc 15-20 hpf, rbc 0-2 hpf, epithelial cells moderare, mucus thread few, bacteria moderate ?: Unclean specimen: It just means that it is unclean specimen. Does not.When the mucus in the stool gets mixed with the urine, one tends to think that the mucus is present in the urine. Symptoms of IBS include: Mucus in the stool ; Diarrhea; Abdominal pain ; ... “The effect of ranitidine on urine mucus concentration in patients with enterocystoplasty.” British journal of urology 70.1 (1992): 30-32.A urinalysis test, which is a collected urine sample examined under a microscope, can determine if there is too much mucus in your urine by doing a visual check of your urine, testing for certain chemicals, and looking for certain types of cells.Oct 24, 2023 · A urinalysis is a test of your urine. It's used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes. A urinalysis involves checking the appearance, concentration and content of urine. For example, a urinary tract infection can make urine look cloudy instead of clear. In the case of mucus present in urine, there could be several reasons why it is occurring. Let’s take a look. 1. Urinary tract infection. Excessive mucus in urine may be a signal that you have a urinary tract infection. These infections are usually caused by bacteria and can do damage to various organs.Nov 13, 2023 · Urinary proteins, such as Tamm-Horsfall glycoproteins, nitrites, and urea, are all bacterial growth inhibitors. Frequent urination and high urinary volumes also decrease the risk of UTIs. The bladder wall lining is covered by a layer of mucus, which acts as a mechanical barrier to bacterial infiltration and invasion. Urine, 24 hours > 14 years old: 8 mg/24 hours . 40.4 mol/24 hours *Value is based on 24-hour collection. †Normal findings detected by microscopic examination can include a few red blood cells (especially in menstruating women), white blood cells, epithelial cells, bacteria, yeast cells, crystals (eg, calcium oxalate, triple phosphate ...Hyaline casts can be diagnosed through urinalysis . Centrifugation of a urine sample to separate urine sediment (e.g., casts, cells, pathogenic microorganisms) from fluid. Small drop of urine sediment is examined under a microscope. Hyaline casts can be identified as clear, tiny tubule-shaped particles.Got my labs back today and my findings are somewhat abnormal and was wondering if there's a reason to be alarmed. here are the reults epithelial cells-many bacteria-2+ mucus 2+ urine wbc 10-20 urine rbc 5-10 amorph sediment 2+ granular casts occasional cr. Dr. Hunter Handsfield answered. Infectious Disease 55 years experience.Summary. Red blood cells (RBC) can be present in urine even when they are not visible to a person. Also known as hematuria, RBC in urine can indicate an infection, kidney disease, and other health ...The pH of urine is an indication of the kidney’s ability to maintain a normal plasma pH. Metabolism produces acids that are excreted by the lungs and kidneys. The average adult urine pH varies between 5 and 8. A diet high in protein produces a more acid urine, while a vegetarian diet often produces a pH greater than 6.During menstruation and ovulation, vaginal secretions and the cervical mucus are also present in the urine. Urinary tract infections : UTIs are quite common, especially among women.Squamous epithelial cells are a type of flat cell found throughout the body, including in the mouth, on the lips, and the cervix. They are also seen in the middle layers of the skin. Squamous cell …urine orange/red. Claritybe instructed in the technique to prevent This is usually referred to as clear, slightly cloudy, cloudy or turbid. Substances that can cause cloudiness but are not harmful include mucus, sperm, prostatic fluid and skin cells. Other substances that make urine cloudy are white/red blood cells, pus or bacteria A urinalysis involves checking the urine for: Its color. Its appearance (whether it is clear or cloudy) Any odor. The pH level (acidity) Whether there are substances that are not normally in urine, such as blood, too much protein, glucose, ketones, and bilirubin. Whether there are cells, crystals, and casts (tube-shaped proteins) Urine crystals form when there are too many minerals in a person’s urine. Crystals in urine may cause no symptoms or may include lower back pain and nausea. When there is an excessive buildup of ...The pH of urine is an indication of the kidney’s ability to maintain a normal plasma pH. Metabolism produces acids that are excreted by the lungs and kidneys. The average adult urine pH varies between 5 and 8. A diet high in protein produces a more acid urine, while a vegetarian diet often produces a pH greater than 6.Read on to learn what you need to know about the normal and abnormal causes of mucus in urine for women and men, when to get a urinalysis (urine test) to see if you have too much mucus in your urine, how cervical mucus can throw off a urinary mucus diagnosis, and treatment options.Hello, recently had a urinalysis with mucus threads present with occult blood 2+. I have recently started urinating more frequently with urgency. Have a feeling of having to go most of the time. test results 14 days ago urgency to urinate increased suddenly 7 days ago. ThanksOct 15, 2022 ... The urine should ideally be sent to a laboratory for culture and sensitivity testing to determine what types of bacteria are present and which ...During menstruation and ovulation, vaginal secretions and the cervical mucus are also present in the urine. Urinary tract infections : UTIs are quite common, especially among women.Pyuria (pi-YER-ree-UH) is a condition in which you have high levels of white blood cells (leukocytes) or pus in your urine (pee). Pus is a thick, discolored (white, yellow, pink or …The normal range of squamous epithelial cells in urine is typically zero to five squamous epithelial cells per high-power field (HPF). Typical diagnostic ranges fall into either few, moderate, or many but can also be measured in number. A normal range is less than 15 to 20 per HPF; therefore, more than 15 to 20 squamous epithelial cells per HPF ...Urine is typically clear but may become less transparent with pigmenturia, crystalluria, hematuria, pyuria, lipiduria, or when other compounds such as mucus are present. Depending on the cause, increased turbidity may disappear with centrifugation of the sample.Mar 15, 2005 · Am Fam Physician. 2005;71 (6):1153-1162. A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations. Midstream clean collection is acceptable in most situations, but the ... Prior urinalysis showed rbc 3-10 hpf, mucous threads present and few bacteria. repeat month later shows no rbc but does show few mucous, many bacteria, few amorph urate, and 5-10 hpf squam epi. no uti symptoms. anything to worry about? 2 doctors weighed in across 2 answers. A member asked: Leukocyte esterace iss an enzyme from white blood cells and this would usually be present with an infection.The mucous is less specific but is an indication of irritation of the bladder.If they cultured the urine then this would produce a more definitive answer. If the culture showed >100,000 colonies /ml then this is the most typical result of ... Urine is typically clear but may become less transparent with pigmenturia, crystalluria, hematuria, pyuria, lipiduria, or when other compounds such as mucus are present. Depending on the cause, increased turbidity may disappear with centrifugation of the sample. There are three possible results of a test for epithelial cells in urine. These are: few. moderate. many. If a person’s test result is “few,” this means their results are typical. People ...Am Fam Physician. 2005;71 (6):1153-1162. A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations. Midstream clean collection is acceptable in most situations, but the ...Cruise lines around the world are grappling with how to return to service in this new era of coronavirus. Two of the world's biggest cruise companies have joined forces to figure o...Epithelial cells naturally slough off from your body. It’s normal to have one to five squamous epithelial cells per high power field (HPF) in your urine. Having a moderate number or many cells ...- Additional urinalysis can help doctors learn the problem causing hematuria ... Blood in the urine can be present even if you can't see it. When you can see ...Mucus in urine is an abnormal condition where there is an excessive amount of mucus present in the urine. Normally, urine is a clear, yellowish fluid that passes out of the body. However, when there is excess mucus in urine, it can appear cloudy and thick and sometimes have a foul odor.Nov 28, 2017 · Having said that, a person can have urinary infection and not have symptoms. Please discuss the results with the doctor who ordered the test. For good health - Have a diet rich in fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, milk and milk products, nuts, beans, legumes, lentils and small amounts of lean meats. The main causes of bacteria in the urine are: 1. Specimen contamination. Specimen contamination is one of the most frequent causes of bacteria in the urine. Contamination can particularly be suspected when there are many epithelial cells and mucus in the urine, but no leukocytes. Contamination occurs at the time of collection, when the genital ...Mucus in urine means appearance of certain amount of mucus while urinating. Mucus is a viscous, yellowish, gelatinous, non-crystalline substance. This material occurs in various parts of the body such as lungs and large intestine. Urine is normally transparent. When there is mucus in urine it may start to appear cloudy. The clarity of urine is also recorded during urinalysis. Urine is typically clear; materials such as crystals, cells, bacteria, and mucus can impart a cloudy appearance. A milky appearance can be caused by a very high concentration of white blood cells or fats, or by chyluria (the presence of lymphatic fluid in the urine). The presence of bacteria in the urine indicates an infection of the urinary tract, bladder or kidneys, according to Summit Medical Group. Urine is typically sterile in healthy indi...Oct 15, 2022 ... The urine should ideally be sent to a laboratory for culture and sensitivity testing to determine what types of bacteria are present and which ...Urinalysis Interpretation. 11. Urinalysis Interpretation. Urinalysis and urine sediment exam is most helpful with fresh urine whether voided or collected from clamped foley catheter tubing and collected from valve with syringe (within 30-60 minutes). Foley catheters can introduce hematuria due to insertion and urethra/bladder trauma.Causes of mucus in urine. There are many reasons why mucus can be present in urine, including: Regular download. Mucus in urine can be caused by urinary tract infection, kidney stones, and ulcerative colitis. As mucus moves through the urinary tract, it kills germs that might otherwise cause infection.In conjunction with the history, physical examination, and laboratory testing, the urinalysis plays a central role in evaluating acute and chronic kidney disease. In addition, abnormal findings on a routine urinalysis, even in an otherwise asymptomatic patient, may be the first evidence of underlying kidney disease.While workplaces are becoming more lax, business etiquette still applies. Learn how to avoid awkward blunders at work (or online). Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSp...

Finding trace amounts of mucus in your urine is not something that should concern you. However, if you begin to see mucus in excess, make an appointment to speak with your …. Remc fiber internet

urinalysis mucus present

Urinalysis is a simple, inexpensive means of detecting urologic and systemic conditions such as infection, urolithiasis, malignancy, and metabolic diseases. Urinalysis can be outsourced or ... The presence of mucus in urine is not always a cause for concern, but it may indicate an infection or other health problem. Some of the most common causes of mucus in urine include: Urinary Tract Infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of mucus in urine. UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply.Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the major reasons of mucus in urine and antibiotics are prescribed to kill or restrict the growth of the bacteria. Sexually transmitting diseases also developed due to …Urinalysis can reveal diseases that have gone unnoticed because they do not produce striking signs or symptoms. Examples include diabetes mellitus, various forms of glomerulonephritis, and chronic urinary tract infections. The most cost-effective device used to screen urine is a paper or plastic dipstick. This microchemistry system has been ...Microscopic Urinalysis is a crucial component of a urinalysis, a diagnostic test used to assess the health and function of the urinary system. This part of the test involves the examination of urine sediment under a microscope to identify and quantify various elements and cells present.The Insider Trading Activity of ABSTON TYSON T on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksUrine with no color may be caused by long-term kidney disease or uncontrolled diabetes. Red urine can be caused by blood in the urine. Clarity. Normal: Clear. Abnormal: Cloudy urine can be caused by pus (white blood cells), blood (red blood cells), sperm, bacteria, yeast, crystals, mucus, or a parasite infection, such as trichomoniasis. OdorAssociations: Bacteria, blood clots, contrast media, a diet high in purine-rich foods, fecal contamination or material (i.e., gastrointestinal-bladder fistula), lipids such as chyluria (chylomicrons in the urine), lymph fluid, mucus, precipitation of cells (red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), squamous and non-squamous epithelial cells), casts or crystals (calcium phosphate, calcium ...The urinalysis may also check for the presence of bacteria, blood, or crystals in the urine. The vet may also perform a urine culture to identify any bacterial infections. Imaging Tests. If the vet suspects that there is an underlying medical condition causing the mucus in the dog’s urine, they may perform imaging tests.Mucus in urine can appear as cloudy urine or white threads at the bottom of the toilet bowl after you pee. It is more frequently present in female urine samples due to cross-contamination from vaginal secretions. Occasional episodes of small amounts of mucus in urine have no clinical significance.Mucus in urine can appear as cloudy urine or white threads at the bottom of the toilet bowl after you pee. It is more frequently present in female urine samples due to cross-contamination from vaginal secretions. Occasional episodes of small amounts of mucus in urine have no clinical significance.A mucus in urine test is part of a urinalysis that can detect whether there is too much mucus in your urine. A urinalysis may also include tests for other substances and cells in your urine. A normal test result usually shows a small or moderate amount of mucus in your urine. A large amount of mucus may be a sign of a medical problem, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI) or kidney stones.When the mucus in the stool gets mixed with the urine, one tends to think that the mucus is present in the urine. Symptoms of IBS include: Mucus in the stool ; Diarrhea; Abdominal pain ; ... “The effect of ranitidine on urine mucus concentration in patients with enterocystoplasty.” British journal of urology 70.1 (1992): 30-32. Mucus in urine can appear as cloudy urine or white threads at the bottom of the toilet bowl after you pee. It is more frequently present in female urine samples due to cross-contamination from vaginal secretions. Occasional episodes of small amounts of mucus in urine have no clinical significance. If you’re prone to excess mucous production, or bothered by seeing mucus in your urine, here’s how you can improve your urinary and vaginal health. 1. Drink up. Dehydration can play a role in the presence of mucus in urine. “It can make mucus that’s normally present appear more prominent,” explains Dr. Chubak.Got my labs back today and my findings are somewhat abnormal and was wondering if there's a reason to be alarmed. here are the reults epithelial cells-many bacteria-2+ mucus 2+ urine wbc 10-20 urine rbc 5-10 amorph sediment 2+ granular casts occasional cr. Dr. Hunter Handsfield answered. Infectious Disease 55 years experience..

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